二氯甲烷簡稱DCM，化學(xué)式CH2CL2，常溫下是一種無色透明、比水重、易揮發(fā)的液體，微溶于水，與絕大多數(shù)常用的有機(jī)溶劑互溶，具有類似醚的刺激性氣味。二氯甲烷沸點(diǎn)低，在工業(yè)時(shí)容易揮發(fā)造成環(huán)境污染。
Dichloromethane, abbreviated as DCM, with chemical formula CH2Cl2, is a colorless, transparent, water-specific, volatile liquid at room temperature. It is slightly soluble in water and miscible with most commonly used organic solvents. It has a pungent smell similar to ether. Dichloromethane has a low boiling point and is easy to volatilize in industrial production, causing environmental pollution.
由于溶解能力強(qiáng)、沸點(diǎn)低、相對(duì)低毒性和反應(yīng)惰性，長期以來一直是多種應(yīng)用的首*溶劑。
Due to its strong solubility, low boiling point, relatively low toxicity and inert reaction, it has been the first solvent for many applications for a long time.
例如在制藥工業(yè)中作為反應(yīng)介質(zhì)，用于制備氨芐青霉素、羥芐青霉素和先鋒霉素等；
For example, as a reaction medium in the pharmaceutical industry, it is used to prepare ampicillin, hydroxybenzylpenicillin and vancomycin;
也用于膠片中的溶劑；還可用作石油脫蠟溶劑、氣溶膠推進(jìn)劑、有機(jī)合成萃取劑、聚氨酯等泡沫塑料用發(fā)泡劑和金屬清洗劑等。
Also used as solvent in film production; It can also be used as oil dewaxing solvent, aerosol propellant, organic synthetic extractant, foaming agent for foam plastic production such as polyurethane and metal cleaning agent.
二氯甲烷在我國主要用于膠片的消費(fèi)量占總消費(fèi)量的50%，醫(yī)藥方面占總消費(fèi)量的20%，清洗劑及化工行業(yè)消費(fèi)量占總消費(fèi)量的20%，其他方面占10%。
The consumption of dichloromethane mainly used in film production accounts for 50% of the total consumption in China, medicine accounts for 20% of the total consumption, cleaning agent and chemical industry accounts for 20% of the total consumption, and other aspects account for 10%.
工業(yè)上二氯甲烷一般使用天然氣和氯氣反應(yīng)制得，是一種優(yōu)良的有機(jī)溶劑，經(jīng)常用來代替易燃品（如石油醚和乙醚）。此外，由于毒性很小，且中毒后蘇醒較快，故可用作麻醉劑。
In industry, dichloromethane is generally prepared by the reaction of natural gas and chlorine. It is an excellent organic solvent and is often used to replace inflammables (such as petroleum ether and ether). In addition, it can be used as an anesthetic because of its low toxicity and rapid recovery after poisoning.
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